Experimenting with my 2003 Jetta Diesel revealed different MPGs going up a mile long 10% grade hill while using different gears at a constant speed of 30 MPH in each of these gears.  The car attained 9 MPG @ 30 MPH in 2nd gear (very high reving engine), 15 MPG @ 30 MPH in 3rd gear, and 22 MPG @ 30 MPH in 4th gear (which had to have the accelerator pedal almost pushed to the floor and had a very low RPM).  The take away is that you have to lower the Engine RPM and make it work harder to increase